Monday, 30 March 2015

About Wireless LAN.

Wireless LAN

WLANs are typically restricted in their diameter to buildings, a campus, single rooms etc. and are operated by individuals, not by large-scale network providers. The global goal of WLANs is to replace office cabling, to enable tetherless access to the internet and, to introduce a higher flexibility for ad-hoc communication in, e.g., group meetings.
Advantages of WLANs are: 

  • Flexibilty: Within radio coverage, nodes can communicate without further restriction. Radio waves can penetrate walls, senders and receivers can be placed anywhere (also non-visible, e.g., within devices, in walls etc.).
  • Planning: Only wireless ad-hoc networks allow for communication without previous planning, any wired network needs wiring plans. As long as devices follow the same standard, they can communicate.
  • Design: Wireless networks allow for the design of small, independent devices. Wireless senders and receivers can be hidden in historic buildings, i.e., current networking technology can be introduced without being visible.
  • Robustness: Wireless networks can survive disasters, e.g., earthquakes. If the wireless device survive, people can still communicate. Networks requiring a wired infrastructure will usually break down completely.
  • Cost: After providing wireless access to the infrastructure via an access point for the first user, adding additional users to a wireless network will not increase the cost. Wireless connections do not wear out.
WLANs have several disadvantages:


  • Quality of service: WLANs typically offer lower quality than their wired conterparts. The main reasons for this are the lower bandwidth due to limitations in radio transmission, higher error rates due to interference, and higher delay/delay variation due to extensive error correction and detection mechanisms.
  • Proprietary solutions: Due to slow standardization procedures, many companies have come up with proprietary solutions offering standardized functionality plus many enhanced features. However, these additional features only work in a homogeneous environment, i.e., when adapters from the same vendors are used for all wireless nodes. Atleast most components today adhere to the basic standards IEEE 802.11b or (newer) 802.11a.
  • Restrictions: All wireless products have to comply with national regulations. Several government and non-government institutions worldwide regulate the operation and restrict frequencies to minimize interference. Consequently, it takes a very long time to establish global solutions which comprises many individual standards. WLANs are limited to low-power senders and certain license-free frequency bands, which are not the same worldwide.
  • Safety and security: Using radio waves for data transmission might interfere with other high-tech equipment in, e.g., hospitals. Senders and receivers are operated by laymen and, radiation has to be low. Special precautions have to be taken to prevent safety hazards. The open radio interface makes eavesdropping much easier in WLANs than, e.g., in the case of fiber optics. All standards must offer(automatic) encryption, privacy mechanisms, support for anonymity etc. Otherwise more and more wireless networks will be hacked into as is the case already.

Saturday, 28 March 2015

What is WiMAX ?

       Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is the latest trend of broadband wireless technologies that is expected to deliver economic data access to home and corporate users.
         WiMAX offers an alternative to standardized wired technologies such as Cable Modems, DSL, and T1/E1 links. WiMAX is similar to WiFi but the former has better capability to operate at higher speeds for users connected over a large area. In addition, WiMAX can overcome the limitations of traditional wired infrastructure.
         WiMAX was formed in April 2001, in anticipation of the publication of the original 10-66 GHz IEEE 802.16 specifications. WiMAX is to 802.16 as the WiFi Alliance is to 802.11.
WiMAX is:

  • A wireless technology optimized for the delivery of IP centric services over a wide area.
  • A scaleable wireless platform for constructing alternative and complementary broadband networks.
  • A certification that denotes interoperability of equipment built to the IEEE 802.16 or compatible standard. The IEEE 802.16 Working Group develops standards that address two types of usage models:   
                                                A fixed usage model(IEEE 802.16-2004).

                                                A portable usage model(IEEE 802.16e).

What is Wi-Fi ?

                                         Wireless Fidelity- popularly known as Wi-Fi, developed on IEEE 802.11 standard. It is widely used technology advancement in wireless communication. As the name indicates, Wi-Fi provides wireless access to applications and data across a radio network.Wi-Fi sets up numerous ways to build up a connection between the transmitter and the receiver. Transmitter is normally a wireless router / Hotspot and receiver is normal Wi-Fi enabled device such as Laptop, Mobile, Tablet etc.
                                    Wi-Fi technology provides its users with the liberty of connecting to the Internet from any place such as their home, office or a public place without the hassles of plugging in the wires. It is quicker than the conventional modem for accessing information over a large network. With the help of different amplifiers, the users can easily change their location without disruption in their network access. Wi-Fi enabled devices are compliant with each other to grant efficient access of information to the user. Wi-Fi location where the users can connect to the wireless network is called a Wi-Fi hotspot. Through the Wi-Fi hotspot, the users can even enhance their home business, as accessing information through Wi-Fi is simple. Accessing a wireless network(wifi) through a hotspot in some cases is cost-free while in some it may carry additional charges. Many standard Wi-Fi chips such as PCI, miniPCI, USB, Cardbus and PC card, ExpressCard make the Wi-Fi experience convenient and pleasurable for the users. These small devices are normal plug and play and can be easily used if your device does not provide the build WiFi. Distance from a wireless network can lessen the signal strength to quite an extent; some devices are used for amplifying the signal strength of the network. These devices create an embedded system that corresponds with any other node on the Internet.

Thursday, 26 March 2015

Simple ways to improve our health.click here...

Forget the excuses.  Just for today, focus on the many ways you can improve your health.  This list is by no means complete but a starting point to get you making your physical, emotional, and spiritual health a priority in your busy life.  And, once you do these health upgrades today, do them again tomorrow.  Before you know it you’ll be living a healthy lifestyle…with virtually no effort.
1. Drink more water. Your body is 90 percent water and needs water for almost every function.  Many of the aches and pains, headaches, and other symptoms we experience would lessen if we just drank more water.
2. Go for a brisk walk. Your body was made to move. Your heart is a muscle that needs movement to function optimally. We know this but we often need a reminder to just do it.
3. Better yet, take your brisk walk in nature. Trees and other plants are regularly turning our carbon dioxide into rich oxygen we can breathe. Getting rich, oxygenated air help kill bacteria and viruses, improves breathing, and may even help prevent cancer.
4. Hug someone you love. When you hug someone you love (someone who actually wants to be hugged), your body releases feel-good hormones like oxytocin that ward off depression.
5. Eat 2 or 3 pieces or servings of fruit (count ½ cup of fruit like grapes, blueberries, cherries, etc. as a serving). Brilliantly-colored fruit is packed with disease-fighting phytonutrients like proanthocyanins that protect against brain diseases and quercetin which helps alleviate allergies and breathing problems.

Natural tips to prevent hairloss.click here...

It's better to use natural products to stop hairfall than to go in for expensive parlour treatments, that may not help the problem.

Try the following easy tips at home and see how effective they are in reducing hair loss!

1. Hot oil treatments: Take any natural oil - olive, coconut, canola - and heat it up so that it is warm, but not too hot. Massage it gently into your scalp. Put on a shower cap and leave it on for an hour, then shampoo your hair.

2. Natural juices: You can rub your scalp with either garlic juice, onion juice or ginger juice. Leave it on overnight and wash it thoroughly in the morning.

3. Get a head massage: Massaging your scalp for a few minutes daily will help stimulate circulation. Good circulation in the scalp keeps hair follicles active. Circulation may be improved through massage by using a few drops of lavender or bay essential oil in an almond or sesame oil base.

4. Antioxidants: Apply warm green tea (two bags brewed in one cup of water) on your scalp and leave this mixture on for an hour and then rinse. Green tea contains antioxidants which prevent hair loss and boost hair growth.

5. Practice meditation: Believe it or not, most of the times, the root cause for hair loss is stress and tension. Meditation can help in reducing that and restore hormonal balance.

How to stop and reduce hairfall....click here...

1. A wide-toothed comb should ideally be used to gently detangle hair and then the regular fine-toothed comb may be used to style the hair as per one’s need. This will reduce the risk of hair breakage and hair fall while combing.
2. It is best not to comb the hair while it is wet as this leads to greater chances of hair breakage and fall. Let it be dry or semi-dry before combing.
3. Do not rub your hair vigorously with towel. This will only lead to unwanted hair breakage. Use the towel instead to gently soak out excess moisture.
4. Clean your combs every week. If you look closely, you will see that combs become dirty over time; so they need to be cleaned with a brush, soap and water as using a dirty comb continuously can lead to hair fall as well. You can do this easily while taking a bath or shampooing each week. This is a necessary precaution to take for hair fall control.
5. Hot oil treatments is one of the best answers to address the problem of hair fall!
The tradition of oiling the hair to enhance and retain its natural beauty hails from ancient India.
Instead of opting for an expensive parlor treatment, it is best to use natural products that are safe, produce no side effects and are also effective.
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Natural oils such as coconut, olive, canola, jojoba, sesame etc. can be used to massage the scalp for countering hair fall and encouraging new hair growth. You have to warm the oil of your choice by heating it; ensure that it’s not too hot but bearable, gently massage your scalp using your fingers or even a cotton ball may be used. Next, wear a shower cap, leaving it on for about 1 hour and rinse off using a mild shampoo.
Here is a detailed post on how hot oil massage prevents hair loss.
As we know, hair fall problems can be related to the scalp – issues such as dandruff, dryness and flakiness etc. With a natural hot oil treatment twice every week, the blood circulation in the scalp area can be stimulated causing the hair follicles to stay active. Hair loss can be countered through deep conditioning and eliminating these scalp issues, and at the same time your hair receives the much-needed nourishment and care which will help in strengthening and making it beautiful.
6. Try to switch to shampoos that are sulfate, silicone and paraben-free to avoid loading the scalp and hair with harsh chemicals that damage hair, making it brittle and more prone to breakage. Controlling chemical damage is certainly a sure shot way to ensure hair loss prevention.
Few such products are available from brands like The Body Shop, Soul Tree, Rustic Art, Organic Surge; The Nature’s Co. etc
7. Wash your hair at least every 3 days with a gentle hair cleanser or shampoo to remove all accumulated dust, dirt, oil and bacterial build up. Keep it clean at all times to avoid hair fall due to unclean scalp and infections. This is a necessary step to follow as an answer to how to prevent hair fall.

Other Simple Tips To Control Hair Fall:

If you have been wondering what more you can do in your quest on how to control hair fall, here are few more suggestions.
8. Do not subject your hair to frequent chemical treatments, excessive blow drying, ironing and coloring as these can lead to hair loss.
9. Hair styles such as wearing tight ponytails, pigtails or braids on a daily basis, using elastics and rubber bands to pull back hair tightly can cause hair fall.
10. You can drink natural juices to counter hair fall. An ingredient from our kitchen can effectively help to tackle hair fall problems – it is the good old onion.
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It is an amazing natural remedy to fight hair fall and also effectively increases the hair growth.
11. Eat healthy to minimize and prevent hair fall. Give importance to a balanced diet to counter hair loss as this is one of the best ways to prevent hair fall. Nutritional deficiencies in the body are a major cause of hair loss.
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Iron-rich foods that are rich in zinc, Vitamins A, B complex, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, omega-3 fatty acids and proteins should be consumed to overcome these deficiencies, add moisture to your hair, leading to a healthier scalp, lesser hair fall and fewer split ends and at the same time for getting thick, stronger hair that shines with good health. This is a long term and effective way to cure hair fall.
Consider adding more of these to your diet – carrots, oats, whole grains, brown rice, green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, lentils, sweet potatoes, pumpkin seeds, oysters, nuts such as walnuts and almonds, flaxseed oil (Linseed oil) or grounded flaxseeds, fish such as salmon and tuna that are rich in Omega-3 fatty acids; eggs, beans, yogurt, low-fat cheese.
Do not forget to drink plenty of water throughout the day to flush out all harmful toxins from your body.

Home DIY For Hair Fall Problem:

Homemade hair masks are an inexpensive and a very useful option when the question is how to control hair fall without exposing your hair to any kind of harmful chemicals. They help to easily strengthen, nourish and beautify your hair with suggested use.
12. This DIY homemade hair mask is great for combating thinning hair and hair fall problems.
green tea and egg to prepare homemade hair mask Ingredients Required:
  • Freshly prepared strong green tea (good quality)
  • 1 egg yolk
How to Prepare:
mixture of green tea and egg yolk for hair mask
  • Take 1 egg yolk in a clean bowl; add 2 tablespoons of freshly prepared green tea to it.
  • Green tea will be hot; so be careful.
homemade hair mask for hair fall problems
  • Mix nicely till such a frothy and creamy consistency is acquired as seen in the image. If it becomes thicker, you can add more green tea to dilute it.

How to Apply:

Part your hair from the center and apply this hair mask. Wear a shower cap; leave this on for about 30 minutes to allow it to complete its course of action. Rinse well followed by shampoo and conditioner as usual.

Why is this Useful?

The increasingly popular drink, Green tea is loaded with antioxidants which help in preventing hair fall and boost hair growth. Eggs have been used for hundreds of years to achieve strong and beautiful hair. Being packed with protein, essential vitamins and nutrients, egg yolk is an excellent ingredient for prevention of hair fall and also for boosting hair growth.
  • Use this hair mask at least thrice weekly to get rid of brittle hair, dry and damaged hair and hair fall problems.
13. Simple and easy DIY for arresting hair fall and inducing new hair growth:

Ingredients Required:

  • Almond Oil – 40 ml
  • Coconut Oil – 40 ml
  • Castor Oil – 10 ml
  • Aroma Magic Stimulate Oil – 5 ml
  • Aroma Magic Lavender Oil – 5ml
  • Vitamin E capsules – 3 capsules
This is for a 100 ml mixture. Also required is an empty bottle for storing it and a measuring cap to take the required quantities.
You can use any one of the following brands:
Divya Badam Rogan Almond Oil (from Baba Ramdev’s Patanjali),Patanjali Tejus 100% Pure Coconut Oil, Castor oil from a local brand, Evion Capsules (Vitamin E) and the two oils mentioned from Aroma Magic.
Almond Oil for hair growth
How to Prepare:
  1. Mix the above-mentioned quantities of Almond, Coconut and Castor oil.
  2. Now add 5ml each of Stimulate Oil and Lavender Oil.
  3. Slit open and squeeze 3 Vitamin E capsules into the mixture.
  4. Shake the mixture well and store in a cool and dry place away from sunlight.

How to Apply:

  • Massage on the entire scalp and hair for about 10 minutes on alternate days.
  • Leave overnight and wash off with shampoo.
Use this remedy for hair fall with patience and I am sure you will see the results very soon.

Treatments to Stop Hair Fall:

14. Hair Spa:
spa treatment for hair loss
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This is one of the most commonly used treatments for hair loss. Not only is this a relaxing experience, but hair spa treatment also has a lot of benefits as listed below:
  • It is meant to deep condition the hair, treat split ends and repair dry, damaged and dull hair as well as remove dandruff which is another cause of hair fall.
  • It provides essential nourishment to the hair roots; fortifies the hair follicles and revitalizes the scalp, thus making a way for newer hair growth and countering hair fall.
  • It prevents scalp ageing and stimulates blood circulation in the scalp area through the massage, helps in maintaining clean scalp and hair, thus leading to healthier hair and reduced to no hair fall.
  • It also brings a welcome relief from stress and tension.
Many beauty parlors and hair salons offer hair spa therapy and it is wonderful to indulge yourself in this treatment once or twice a month to combat hair fall and get bouncy, smooth and beautiful hair. Charges will of course vary from one parlor to the other.
15. Minoxidil (Rogaine):
This is one of the most effective, FDA-approved and commonly prescribed medications from doctors worldwide for arresting hair fall and treating alopecia-related problems.
16. Laser therapy:
laser therapy for hair loss
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A non-surgical treatment, Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a medical treatment meant to effectively deal with hair loss or thinning hair and stimulate new hair growth.

Best Anti Hair Fall Products:

Here’s a look at some of the best anti hair fall products available in the Indian market:
17. Trichup Hair Fall Control Oil:
A popular and commonly used anti-hair fall product, this is known to arrest hair fall, strengthen and nourish the hair roots and encourage new hair growth. It also protects the hair from environmental factors and chemical-induced damage, improves the hair texture and repairs hair, making it strong and bouncy.
Directions for Use:
  • Cleanse off the hair with Trichup Hair Fall Control Shampoo.
  • After thorough drying, gently massage this oil on the scalp using your finger tips until it gets absorbed in skin.
  • Keep overnight for better results.
  • Repeat 2 – 3 times a week for minimum of 4-6 weeks.
18. Dove Hair Fall Rescue Treatment:
dove hair fall rescue treatmentThis is a recent launch from Dove. The Dove Hair Fall Rescue Treatment contains patented Trichozole active with Ginseng and Soy Protein to help combat hair fall in only 2 weeks.
It has the following benefits for the hair:
  • Strengthens and nourishes each hair strand from the root, reducing damage
  • Locks hair firmly in its place, giving freedom from hair fall
Directions for Use:
  • Wash hair as usual and towel dry.
  • Break open the flat nozzle cap and apply lotion directly on clean scalp.
  • Make series of partings and apply lotion evenly to the scalp.
  • Massage lotion for 2-3 minutes to let it penetrate into the roots of your hair.
  • Use entire content of one vial at each application and leave it until next wash. Style as usual (must be left on for at least for 8 hours).
  • For best results, apply on clean scalp soon after towel dry & use every two days.
19. Parachute Advansed Scalp Therapie:
Formulated with Active Protein Complex and tested by dermatologists, this penetrates into the roots of the hair, provides essential nourishment to the hair follicles, replenishes hair, heals damage and controls hair fall. Here is a detailed review of Parachute Advansed Scalp Therapie.
parachute advansed scalp therapie Directions for Use:
  • Pour 5-6 ml of Parachute Advansed Scalp Therapie into your palm. For longer hair, you may use 8-10 ml.
  • Gently massage it onto your scalp for about 4-5 minutes.
  • Leave it onto your scalp overnight or at least 8 hours
  • Parachute Advansed Scalp Therapie should be used at least 3 times a week, and for best results should be used daily.
20. TRESemmé Hair Fall Defense Shampoo:
tresemme hair fall defense shampoo nopin
Reasonably priced, this shampoo from TRESemmé has gained a lot of attention as it has been found to be useful against hair fall. It is gentle enough for daily use; it strengthens and restores health to damaged hair and prevents hair fall caused from breakage, thus giving smoother hair.  Here is a detailed review of Tresemme Hair Fall Defense Shampoo.
Directions for Use:
  • Apply to wet hair, gently massage and work into lather.
  • Rinse thoroughly.
  • Use with TRESemme Hair Fall Defense Conditioner.
  • For optimum results, use the TRESemmé Hair Fall Defense range. Style using your favourite TRESemmé styling products
21. TVAM Henna Anti-hair Fall Hair Oil:
Enriched with the goodness of natural ingredients such as Henna, Brahmi, Baheda, Fenugreek, Jojoba Oil, Amla, Bhringaraj, Olive Oil, Wheat Germ Oil, Sesame Oil, this nourishing hair oil helps to fight and prevent hair fall.
It encourages new hair growth by stimulating the follicles of the hair, strengthens hair, and reduces thinning of the hair and baldness with regular use.It, however, is expensive for the quantity you get in one bottle.
Directions for Use:
  • Massage oil gently onto the scalp.
  • Leave it overnight or at least for an hour before wash.

Sick leave letter.click here...

Michelle J. Hemmer
1376 Brookside Drive
Birmingham, AL 35222
10 August 2006
To
Mrs. Rose Winslet
Head of the Team
Dear Winslet,
I was feeling very tired and exhausted for the last two days and I consulted with a doctor today. He said that I am infected with jaundice and I need to take rest for two weeks. I write this letter to officially inform you about my sickness and to request for two weeks leave. I also have enclosed the medical report given by the doctor.
I transferred my present work to one of my colleague in my team and the accepted it and assured that he will complete it without any delays and problems. As everything is clear, I kindly request you to grant me leave for two weeks starting from 11th August 2006.
Thanks and regards,
Michelle J. Hemmer

Alcohol should be banned!!!

Alcohol Should Be Banned



Alcohol is not something like water, or air that is required to live on this earth. Alcohol consumed in smaller amounts and occasionally is good for health but the majority of people cannot limit their amount of alcohol intake once they have started consuming it. We ordinary people cannot even limit the food intake so how can we limit alcohol intake once we start consuming it. One of the THIRUKURAL (verse of THIRUVALLUVAR,a divine sage of Tamil origin) lays emphasis that every man should be away from habits like drinking,smoking. Drinking spoils not only the individual but also his entire family. It is drunkards who beat their wives unnecessarily because they lose their reasoning power. There is one saying in Tamil 'KUDI KUDIYE KEDUKKUM' meaning drinking ruins your entire family. Hence I wish that government should ban alcohol consumption and consuming alcohol should be treated like a crime just like theft, murder etc. That is the most successful way of protecting our society and hence our country and path towards common good.